Sainsburys and Globalisation - 3637 Words

University of Wales Institute Cardiff LSC London Change and Continuity in a Contemporary Business May 2011 For: Anand Walser By: BELAAROUSSI Omar Student ID: 0310MIMI1009 Table of Content: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 History of the Company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Internal and external factors that are affecting the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 External factors: * Political and legal Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 * Economic Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 * Social and environmental factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 * Technological factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Internal Factors Porter’s 5 forces analysis: * Competitive Rivalry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 * Barriers for entry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 *†¦show more content†¦The change will occur to the company whether they are internal or external driving forces. The trick is that the company should react and anticipate properly by showing its flexibility. Let us then make it practical with our Sainsbury’s case: External factors: According to Taylor (2008) one of the ways to examine the company’s External factors is to present a PEST analysis. * Political and legal Factors: Sainsbury’s is facing the huge growth and evolution of the globalisation which also represents an opportunity for the group. The organisation can also penetrate the emerging international market same as what Tesco and Carrefour (a French distributor) did, even if this plans are not in Sainsbury’s board. The investigation of price fixing between the four biggest brand names in the United Kingdom market can have some negative effect in the industry and for every competitor. It would be leading to lose the brand image that Sainsbury’s is having with their consumers. Moreover, the Government is about to decrease the tax rate from 30 to 28 % which will save a weighty amount of money. Sainsbury’s has to follow the packaging and labelling rules according to the food and drinks local laws. * Economic Factors: The significant increase of the food price is due to the global crisis all over the world, which will probably lead to a higherShow MoreRelatedGlobalisation1157 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasingly global nature of business mean that all organisations need to change their strategies significantly to achieve higher profits? Justify your answer with reference to Costa Coffee, Dyson and/or other organisations that you know. Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming progressively interconnected as a result of significantly increased trade and cultural exchange. It has also increased the production of goods and services. The biggest companies (such as McDonald’sRead MoreBusiness Ethics Are Moral Principles1683 Words   |  7 Pagessupermarkets operate in a competitive oligopolistic market, a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers. This is obvious in the UK supermarket industry as there are three main companies ( Asda, Tesco and Sainsbury’s). All these supermarkets carry similar products such as Bird’seye and Heinz. Another feature of an oligopoly is that many of these supermarkets generic foods such as Asda Smartprice range and Tesco Value are made at the same factory and labelledRead MoreSainsbury3140 Words   |  13 PagesSainsbury passion towards food at fair prices and its ethical approach have remained central for their success (J Sainsbury Plc, 2012). Figure 1: Business Strategy and Objectives [pic] (Source: J Sainsbury Plc-a, 2012) Accessing Sainsbury’s strategy using Bowman Strategic Clock The strategy clock which was coined by Cliff Bowman encouraged the mangers to consider competitive advantage with relation to cost advantage or differentiation (figure 1). It focuses on the price of theRead MoreTo what extent does demographic change in the UK represent more of an opportunity than a threat to UK businesses?1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe UK economy is constantly changing for various reasons such as improvement in medicine and increased globalisation leading to people living longer and the UK economy becoming more diverse culturally. Whether or not it provides an opportunity or a threat to a business will largely depend upon how the management of the business decides to attempt to change because of the change of the demographics. The largest change to the UK demographics would be the overall increase in the average age of theRead MoreAn Ethnographic Study of a Subway Resturant2668 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Globalisation is a force that became the buzzword of the 1990s. Various countries around the world have experienced a thrilling increase in trade, innovation transfer and cross-border investment flows in recent years. The effects of globalisation and the evolution of the most developed economies are difficult to separate and a few authors believe the effects of multinational enterprise to be a defining feature of globalisation (Strange, 1986). In this essay, I am going to deliver aRead More(a) Threat of New Entrants and Substitutes for Tesco1258 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing sold to private investors. (www.plunkettresearch.com ; www.ers.usda.gov/). |Question One: | Tesco, Sainsbury’s and Morrison are among the top UK food retailers. Using examples from any TWO of these five food retailers, critically examine the main arguments for and against ‘globalization’ in the food retail industry in terms of: a) Threat of New EntrantsRead MoreChallenges of Global Supply Chain Management1973 Words   |  8 PagesCHALLENGES OF GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Introduction Rapid growth of globalisation has enabled the developed countries to gather the motivation for making investment in developing countries. The developed countries nowadays are investing in different sectors of developing countries. Acknowledging the increasing rate of investment of the developed, the entrepreneurs of the developing countries are setting up the necessary infrastructure and facilities to produce low-cost goods for retailRead MoreTesco and Globalization Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pagesgaining in market share. These include the rest of the ‘big four’ i.e., Asda, Sainsbury’s and Morrisons respectively. * The decline in income and the rise in unemployment have affected the discretionary buying behaviour of consumers which has adversely impacted the company’s sales, in particular the non-food items. PESTLE Analysis Political * Promotion of free trading blocs by governments to benefit from globalisation has been presented in the literature. Immersion of 10 further countriesRead MoreTesco Plc Swot Analysis3798 Words   |  16 Pagesopen in China by 2010 (Tesco, 2009).   The growth of Tesco’s international business segment is on the rise and it is predicted to account for one quarter of the company’s profit. * Promotion of free trading blocs by governments to benefit from globalisation has been presented in the literature (Lynch, 2003).   Immersion of 10 further countries into the European Union (EU ) took place in 2004 promoting trade between Western and Eastern European countries (BBC, 2009).   This has provided Tesco with aRead MoreA Paper Work of Customer Relationship Management of Tesco, and an Analysis of Consumer Behaviour, Business Environment and Pestel .4053 Words   |  17 Pagesjoint ventures for the development of shopping malls in China. This joint venture included three malls: Anshan, Fushan and Qinhuangdao (Tesco, 2009). Furthermore, there have been promotion of free trading blocs by governments to benefit from globalisation (Lynch, 2003). There have been also immersion of 10 further countries into the European Union (EU) which took place in 2004 promoting trade between Western and Eastern European countries (BBC, 2009). This has provided Tesco with a platform to expand

Behaviorism And Its Impact On The Learner - 2285 Words

Behaviorism is a worldview, which operates under a stimulus response principle. Every behavior is caused by an operating condition (external stimuli). Moreover, behaviors can be described without necessarily considering internal states or consciousness of mind. It basically assumes that a learner is passive, reacting to stimuli from the environment. Initially, the learner is a clean slate (tabula rasa) and the shaping of behavior is through positive as well as negative reinforcement. Both the reinforcements raise the possibility that the precursor behavior will occur again. However, both negative and positive punishments reduce the probability of the antecedent behavior happening again. Positive shows that stimulus is being applied while the negative is an indication of stimulus withdrawal. Thus, learning refers to a behavior change in the learner. Many behaviorist studies especially the earliest ones were done through animals and then widespread to human beings like Pavlov s dog. B ehaviorism comes before cognitive worldview and discards structuralism. It is an addition of Rational Positivism. Among the major contributors and creators of behaviorism are Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Bandura, E. L. Thorndike and Tolman. Keywords: stimulus-response (S-R), Operant conditioning, Methodological behaviorism, behaviorism in philosophy and Classical conditioning. Behaviorism Introduction Behaviorism is the theory, which postulates that the psychology of animalsShow MoreRelatedLearning Theories, Behaviorism, Constructivism, Cognitivism And E Learning1546 Words   |  7 Pagespoint of this paper is to detail the three commonly used learning theories (Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism) on online courses. The description of the implication of these learning theories can add to the procedure of learning for the learner. Online learning has developed quickly in the previous couple of years in schools obliging educators to learn compelling approaches to fabricate online groups of learners. There are obstructions to avoid and key segments to incorporate, while makingRead MoreBehaviorism Was A Slow Revolution1604 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism was a slow revolution that proved to become a popular study within psychology that lasted through the second decade of the twentieth century and through the beginning of the cognitive science revolution (Behjamin, 2014). D uring this time, there had been a vast amount of academic individuals that contributed to the multifaceted studies within the context of behaviorism. Many of the studies within this movement were based on the concept that all behaviors are the result of conditioningRead MoreDr. Combs . . . . . . . Educators Preserve Technique Before738 Words   |  3 Pages Educators preserve technique before educating learners’ abilities effectively influence students. Ordinarily, the effectiveness of an educator entrusts dynamic various strategies educate learners. However, learners retain brilliant approach ahead of comprehending findings. I acquire a personal philosophy through reading chapter three chapter 4 in Foundations of American Education. My personal philosophy is Behaviorism seeing it is similar to the school I worked at as an Teacher’sRead MoreWhy I Am Becoming A Teacher895 Words   |  4 Pagessame impact on children as these teachers did on me. I also want to become a teacher because I love helping and teaching children. Teaching is important to me because I want to make a difference with young children. I want to help them grow as students and make them ready for the next chapters in their life. For me, the first-third grade was a great part of my schooling because my teachers really helped me advance in my academics and I created a long lasting relationship with them. The learner isRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesGuthrie believed that all learners were passive in nature and only responded to external stimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviors. This includes Thorndike’s theory of connectionism, Pavlov’s classical conditioning and the well-known conditioning theory from Skinner—the operant conditioning model. However, many researchers did not like the one-size fits all explanation of behaviorism. Cognitivism grew inRead MoreThe Intellectual Roots Of The Behaviorism Movement2174 Words   |  9 Pages Although the intellectual roots of the behaviorism movement predate Watson’s ideas, there were other contemporary academic individuals within the field of psychology is identified him as the founder of this movement to move toward the study of behavior. Behaviorism began in the roots of the American Progressive Movement of 1880 to 1920 when Social Darwinism was taken seriously (Behjamin, 2014). Darwin demonstrated the morphological and behavioral ties that could be found between humans and theRead MoreThe Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of Psychology1359 Words   |  6 PagesJohn B. Watson work on classical behaviorism that paved the way for B. F. Skinners radical or operant behaviorism which has had a large impact on educational systems. Watson was one of the influential psychologists of the twentieth century. His material is still used in most psychology and educational psychology texts. Watson helped with defining the study of behavior anticipated Skinners emphasis on operant conditioning and the importance of learning and environmental influencesRead MoreLearning And Its Implications For Education Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pageshow understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.† There are many different versions and theories on learning. Some of the more common learning theories include behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. The first theory is behaviorism. Behaviorism is where individuals believe that learning is conducted by outward change through behavior. According to Nemade (2007) he states, â€Å"To the behaviorist, human behavior has nothing to do with internal unconsciousRead More Educational Philosophies Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesmust first learn what you are not and what you do not find as truth. Therefore, in beginning my search for my own personal philosophy, I began with ruling out the philosophies that I am strongly opposed to. These philosophies are perennialism and behaviorism. Perennialism is a very conservative and inflexible philosophy of education. It is based on the view that reality comes from fundamental fixed truths-especially related to God. It believes that people find truth through reasoning andRead MoreBehaviorism And Social Learning Theory1531 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviorism and social learning theory are examples of two mechanistic theories that focus on explaining children’s behavior. Social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and imitation. On the other hand, behaviorism is rooted in focusing on how the environment impacts development. The environment shapes the child’s development as the child strives to adapt to the environment. Both theories deal with explaining behavior and consist of similarities, but are composed of different elements

A Character and Moral Study of George Milton Of Mice and...

In a scientific study, it was found that people are the best version of themselves when they are around other people. However, during the Great Depression, the idea of human companionship was drowned out by the lonely road that many men walked in search of jobs. This period showed the true impacts of the loneliness of man and also asked very important questions: are we responsible for the welfare of others? Or is it better to just be alone? In John Steinheck’s novel Of Mice and Men, one of the protagonists, George Milton, struggles with this very concept. Stuck with his disabled best friend, Lennie Small, he feels a sense of responsibility towards Lennie, but also acknowledges how much easier his life would be without Lennie. Although†¦show more content†¦George also hid himself and Lennie in an irrigation ditch in Weed after Lennie got in trouble for touching a girl’s soft red dress. However, George also uses his cleverness at the end of the novel after killin g Lennie with Carlson’s gun. He says that Lennie had Carlson’s gun and Lennie had get it away from him before killing him, which is also a lie. Although Lennie’s clever nature often is used in a compassionate way, it must be noted that he also uses his street smarts for more nefarious and selfish purposes. Outside of George being a man with a lot of common sense and intelligence, he also is very compassionate. Perhaps not as much as Slim, but almost everything George does is impassioned and driven by his deep care for Lennie. There is a lot of debate as to whether George killing Lennie was a selfish act. However, George’s body language in the last moment of Lennie’s life expresses true caring and even love. John Steinbeck’s describes George as stiff and monotonous. He describes George’s actions with Carlson’s gun by saying â€Å"The hand shook violently, but his face set and his hand steadied† (Steinbeck 106). George was terrified and sorry to kill his best friend, but realized it had to be done. Whether or not it was a selfless act is another story, but there is no question that some of George’s motivation came from a compassionate place. Another place George displays compassion is how terribly he wants to buy the dream farm, not only for him, butShow MoreRelated Life and works of John Steinnbeck Essay2399 Words   |  10 PagesJohn Steinbeck was probably the best author of all time. He was the winner of a Nobel Prize, and along with many other accomplishments, Steinbeck wrote twenty-five books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and several collections of short stories during his lifetime. Seventeen of his works, including The Grapes of Wrath, Cannery Row, The Pearl, and East of Eden, went on to become Hollywood films, some appeared multiple times, as remakes. Steinbeck also had some success as a Hollywood

Use of Ethical Theories in Nursing for Patients- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theUse of Ethical Theories in Nursing for Patients. Answer: Professional nursing may be defined as the duty of the nurses to provide protection to patients thereby promoting and optimizing their health and abilities to survive and lead a proper quality life. They have the duty to prevent any kind of illness as well as injury along with correct initiatives to alleviate their sufferings (Wanger Dahnke, 2015). These are mainly conducted through proper diagnosis, different treatment of human response as well as through advocacy in the care of the patients, families and also communities and populations. Therefore nurses of the present generation follow a set of key elements that guide them through their profession to practice not only competently but also with integrity. These set of guidelines which help them to follow rules and responsibilities of their nursing profession is called the ethical guidelines (Felzmann, 2017). Ethics help nurses to provide care irrespective of their ages, economic status, citizenship, disability, sexual orientation and others by following a proper ethical framework that helps nurses to practice their professions with the best outcomes, maintain patient rights, stay away from legal obligations, and overcome ethical dilemma and others (Hamric et al., 2015). Two of the most ethical theories which are often found useful in guiding the decisions of the nurses when they face issues in decision making or when they suffer from ethical dilemma are Utilitarianism/ Consequentialism and principlism. The essay will fist discuss about the two theories which would be followed by a detailed discussion of its weakness and strength. Consequentialism may be defined as the result based ethics theory which states that among all the different actions taken by nurses in different situations during their care for their patients, one those will be considered morally right action which will have the best overall outcomes. Many of the researchers are of the opinion that this theory is based on two important principles (Hewitt, 2017). The first one is that whether an act would be considered right or wrong will entirely depend on the outcome of the act which will in turn describe the status of the action. Secondly, it also incorporated focus of the concept that better the consequences an act produces the better or more appropriate the act would be. This has been incorporated in the theories which nurses follow when they face ethical dilemma. It mainly helps the nurse to pick up these actions which they foresee to bring the most beneficial outcome when a set of actions are available to them as options to be taken for the pa tient (Casali Day, 2015). Thereby this theory ultimately gives a good notion to be adopted by nurses in their practice that individuals should live in such a way so that they can maximize good consequences. Different forms of consequentialism have been stated by researchers over times which are utilitarianism and hedonism (Ivanov Oden, 2013). While hedonism can be described as the guiding principles which state that humans should maximize actions which ensure human pleasure. The other is the utilitarianism which has been widely used by nurses when they face issues in decision making. This states that nurses should perform any activities which would help in maximizing human welfare as well as well being. Many researchers have defined the topic of utilitarianism as the ethical theory which says that a choice is ethically right in a particular given situation only when it produces the most happiness as well as the least unhappiness for a largest number of people. It is one of the mos t accepted ethical theories as it is based on the human behavioral concept that every human beings with stable mental conditions would take up the decisions to carry out activities by trying to far sight the consequences beforehand (Scott, 2017). Those activities they feel to being the best benefit are selected and the rest are rejected. The similar ideas are also adapted by nurses in their practices as they need to only perform those treatments to the patient which bring the best outcome and patient safety. For this they often need to continually upgrade themselves with continuous professional development to be knowledgeable about the current evidence based practices and implement them in their own care. Another ethical theory which needs to be used by the nursing professionals while planning care for the patient is the principlism. This theory mainly comprises of five important principles which each and every nurse should incorporate in their practices to be ethically, morally and legally right in her approaches. The first one is the maintenance of autonomy and dignity (Beauchamp, 2016). It states that every patient has the right to self determinations which means that they have the right to take decisions of their own lives without nurses interfering or pressuring them to change their decisions even though it brings out positive or negative outcomes. The next principle within this theory is the principle of justice. This theory states that every nursing professional should provide care and allocate resources to patients in terms of fairness, need and equality. They should provide care irrespective of the caste, creed, religion and social economic status of the patients so that they all can get equal importance and care from the healthcare centers (McCarthy et al., 2016). The third principle is called the beneficence which guides nurse to pick up those treatment plans which are the safest and would bring the best care for the patients. This principle ensures that the care plan selected would bring good to the patient and would have the least chances of the occurrences of errors (Casali Day, 2015). The fourth principle is the principle of non maleficence which states that the care that is to be provided for the patients should bring no harm to the patients. It should be such that it would bring no suffering to the patient. The last principle would be called the confidentiality and privacy maintenance of the patients (Byrd Winklestein, 2014). Privacy is the maintenance of information which an individuals wants to keep for himself only unless he desires to share this with anyone else. Confidentiality means the sharing of the information within a closed number o f individuals where the information shared should not pass onto others abroad (McCarthy et al., 2016). The nurse should not share any information which is not wanted by the patients to be shared. Breach in these principles may lead the nurses in legal obligation (McCarthy et al., 2016). The main strengths of these ethical theories are that they help the nurses as guidebooks when they face any issues in making decisions while choosing the best care for the patients. While utilitarianism is helpful in making the nurse go for the evidence based practice which she had found to be highly recommended in most numbers by the researchers over the years (reading newly published journal articles to get knowledge about the best care strategy which can be applied for the patient) (Hauck, Winsett Kuric, 2013). By this, she should be assured that she had applied the best intervention which would bring out the best benefits to the patient which would in turn help the patient to lead a much better life by minimizing pain and maximizing the happiness and peace of the patient (Dinc, 2015). Moreover, anther of its strength is its simplicity as it does not require the acceptance of any prior beliefs above the nature of any religion. Rather its moral discussions and explanations are acc epted by people in all nations. An example of a case study can be provided. A patient in a drunken state was taken to the hospital where he was suffering from chest pain. Seeing the necessity of the situation, nurse acted quickly and conducted tests to see whether he had any myocardial infarction since it had the highest chance. This quick action as well as proper critical reasoning of the nurse helped her identify the situation and provide the right interventions which saved his life thereby doing the greatest good to the patient. The main weakness of this utilitarianism theory is that its effectivity depends on the results of the actions rather than providing interest to the real intentions of the professionals. This does not pay importance to the morals and the feelings with which an individual is applying the interventions (Langan et al., 2017). This is said so as it might happen that the nurse had provided the best evidence based care for the patient with the true feeling of saving the patient. However, the action might not have positive impacts on the patient for which an adverse situation occurred. All these would result in being judgmental about the nurses when her morals were true and rights (Silva, Sorell Fletcher, 2014). This results in unethical complain against her which might affect her confidence and career. This theory does not support the integrity and moral responsibility of the moral actions which makes it, its weakness. One case can be depicted. An aggressive patient was admitted with stoma ch pain that was at a greater risk of self harm as stated by the family members. Therefore for his greater good, the nurse applied restraint to protect him from harming himself. However, in attempt to get freed from it, he bruised himself which resulted in negative impact. Although the nurses morale was to save the patient, yet she was criticized. The main strength of the principlism is that it helps the nursing professionals to follow important aspects which they need to combine together to provide a comprehensive care. The first principle of autonomy and dignity helps the nurse to provide utmost freedom to the patients to choose what they want to decide regarding their treatment which help the nurse to keep the patient happy. It also helps the nurse to keep herself free form any legal obligations (Jons, Mitchell Milligan, 2016). The other principles of beneficence and non-maleficence help the nurse in choosing the correct interventions which would reduce pain for the patients and will increase their chances of well being. Moreover providing justice by giving equal care to all helps the low socio-economic people or unprivileged classes of people to get better care thereby reflecting values and feeling of humanity in their approach. All these help the nurses to provide an ethical care that increases the well being of patients and develops their trust on healthcare (Wagner Dahnke, 2015). Moreover maintenance of privacy and confidentiality also helps to prevent the patients from being victimized in adverse crimes by perpetrators and thereby helps them form protecting patients from the hands of criminals or those who want to provide harm to patients. Comprehensive approaches are therefore much helpful for maintaining case with certain rules and ethical guidelines. A case can be depicted here. A patient was admitted who was aged and did not wanted to go for surgery for her arthritis but this surgery was wanted by her family members. However, the professionals did not conduct the surgery due to her request which kept her happy. This principle therefore helps in maintaining human rights. The main weakness observed in the principlism theory is that often the different principle clash among them while providing comprehensive care makes the nurses confused about how to approach for care. Certain explanations can be made to understand with the help of case studies. Often there are cases where conflicts take place between the principles of autonomy and the nurses perceptions of maintaining beneficence. There are often cases where decisions of the patients either does not allow the nurses to provide the ethics of beneficence in the care plans or does not even support her to treat the patients (Monrouxe, shaw Rees, 2017). A case can be depicted here. Here, a patient who loses their will to live requests for withdrawal of medications and treatment to them as they no longer wants to survive. However, in such situation a nurse who is supposed to provide safe practice and care to patients to ensure their well being is torn between two principles of autonomy and beneficence and cannot understand what to choose. Ethical dilemmas make them feel stressed mentally. Moreover nurses also tend to lose confidence on their skills and decisions making ability which impacts their care on patients. They also tend to lose job satisfaction when such issues occur frequently. Moreover, nurses also face issues with justice as they also are not allocated with enough resources of that they can provide Equal care to all who cannot afford to pay for the treatments. Orders for the higher hierarchy to meet profits by restricting resource allocation make it hard to practice justice for all people by the nurses. Another case study can be depicted here. In a case, patient tries to conceal his information from his family members or from his friends due to his own personal reasons or others. In such cases, family members of friends are not known about the patients information which increases their concerns and stresses them. Moreover they also become inquisitive about the patients ( Langan et al., 2017). In, certain cases they lodge legal complaints when the patients expires or faces more adverse situation where they cannot reveal that it was their own decisions to keep the information private. In such condition, nurses have to suffer a lot as legal and ethical obligations entangle her in various adverse outcomes hat affect her career and working morale. In such cases, the principle act as negative aspects and affect smooth healthcare. From the entire discussion above, it is seen that utilitarianism which is a part of the consent is one of the most important theory that guides nurse to select interventions which brings the best outcomes among all available options. This principle has strengths as this makes the patient get the care which is of highest benefit to him. However, this approach does not consider the morale and good feelings and dedication of the nurses if the outcomes are not positive. This affects the nurses feelings and they develop job dissatisfaction as some times their best efforts may not bring positive results. This might act against the nurses career goals and motivation. Another theory is that of principlism which has five important principles of autonomy, beneficence, non maleficence, justice and privacy. However, although they help to provide nurses with effective framework for developing their decisions while providing care, these principles cause ethical dilemmas in many circumstances. Thes e mainly arise when the values of each principle scales with one another. Therefore a nurse has to develop expertise in her fields to help her critically analyze the situations and apply the correct ethical guidelines to provide the best suitable care for patients. References: Beauchamp, T. L. (2016). Principlism in Bioethics. InBioethical Decision Making and Argumentation(pp. 1-16). Springer International Publishing. Byrd, G. D., Winkelstein, P. (2014). A comparative analysis of moral principles and behavioral norms in eight ethical codes relevant to health sciences librarianship, medical informatics, and the health professions.Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA,102(4), 247. Casali, G. L., Day, G. E. (2015). A taxonomic approach to understanding managerial ethical decision-making approaches of clinically and non-clinically trained healthcare managers in Australia.Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management,10(3), SI8. Din, L. (2015). Implementation and Evaluation of a Nursing Ethics Course at Turkish Doctoral Nursing Programs.Journal of Academic Ethics,13(4), 375-387. Felzmann, H. (2017). Utilitarianism as an Approach to Ethical Decision Making in Health Care. InKey Concepts and Issues in Nursing Ethics(pp. 29-41). Springer International Publishing. Hamric, A. B., Arras, J. D., Mohrmann, M. E. (2015). Must we be courageous?.Hastings Center Report,45(3), 33-40. Hauck, S., Winsett, R. P., Kuric, J. (2013). 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